Sustainable Technologies for Pollution Mitigation
An Integrated Review of Material Innovation, Digitalization, and the Circular Economy in Support of Environmental Sustainability
Keywords:
Pollution Mitigation, Sustainable Technology, Nanomaterials, Circular Economy, PhotocatalysisAbstract
Massive industrialization, rapid urbanization, and the growth of global energy consumption have driven significant increases in air, water, and solid waste pollution, thus demanding the presence of effective and sustainable mitigation technologies. This review aims to analyze the latest technological developments in three main domains, namely artificial intelligence-based air pollution monitoring and mitigation, nanomaterial-based water purification, and the transition to a circular economy and low-carbon energy systems. The study method was conducted through a synthesis of literature from publications from 2023 to 2025 which includes photocatalytic technology, environmental nanotechnology, membrane technology within the framework of the circular economy, as well as the digitalization of energy systems and the diffusion of climate mitigation technologies. The results of the analysis show that the integration of machine learning models with air sensor networks significantly improves the accuracy of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) predictions and the effectiveness of green mitigation strategies, while nanostructure materials and TiO2-based photocatalytic coatings have been proven to be able to reduce the concentration of organic pollutants in air and water media. The application of circular economy principles to membrane technology and the digitalization of energy storage systems have also accelerated the industry's transition to low-waste and low-emission production patterns. The study concludes that a multi-technology approach that combines smart materials, artificial intelligence, and circular policies is the most promising strategy to realize sustainable pollution mitigation and align with global sustainable development targets.
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